August 15, 2019
2019 Trade Show Planning Guide
Supplier Global Resource’s 13th annual comprehensive listing of North American and international trade shows for the promotional products industry and those that focus on markets, products and materials of interest to industry suppliers.
JANUARY
3-5 ASI Show Orlando
Orange County Convention Center
Orlando, FL
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com
4-7 Philadelphia Gift Show
The Greater Philadelphia Expo Center
Oaks, PA
800-318-2238
www.urban-expo.com
7-9 Hong Kong International Licensing Show
Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre
852-1830-668
www.hktdc.com
7-10 Hong Kong International Stationery Fair
Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre
852-1830-668
www.hktdc.com
7-10 Hong Kong Toys & Games Fair
Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre
852-1830-668
www.hktdc.com
8-10 PSI Germany
Promotional Product Service Institute
Düsseldorf, Germany
+49-211-90191-600
www.psi-messe.com
8-10 TSE Tradeshow and Conference for Event Professionals
San Diego Convention Center
San Diego, CA
800-927-5007
www.thespecialeventshow.com
8-11 CES Consumer Electronics Show
Las Vegas Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
866-233-7968
www.cesweb.org
11-12 Imprint Canada National Show
Toronto Congress Centre
905-856-2600
www.imprintcanada.com
13-15 SGI Dubai
Middle East Sign and Graphic Imaging Dubai World Trade Center
971 4 343 5777
www.signmiddleeast.com
13-16 Christmas & Gift Fair
Harrogate Convention Centre
Harrogate, U.K.
44-0-1902-882280
www.harrogatefair.com
13-17 PPAI Expo
Promotional Products Association International
Mandalay Bay Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
888-426-7724
www.expo.ppai.org
16-18 Wearable Expo
Tokyo Big Site
Tokyo, Japan
www.reedexpo.com
18-20 Imprinted Sportswear Show
Long Beach Convention Center
Long Beach, CA
678-781-7905
www.issshows.com
21-24 ASI Roadshow
Pacific Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, San Francisco
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
22-24 The Toy Fair
British Toy & Hobby Association
Olympia Grand and West Halls
London
020 7701 7127
www.toyfair.co.uk
22-24 Sports Licensing and Tailgate Show
Las Vegas Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
813-531-7760
www.sportstailgateshow.com
22-25 PGA Merchandise Show
Orange County Convention Center
Orlando, FL
800-840-5628
www.pgashow.com
23-24 ASSOPROM Promoshow
The Mall
Milan, Italy
0521 996 840
promoshow@fiereparma.it
www.promoshowparma.com
23-25 Promotion Trade Exhibition
Fieramilanocity, Hall 3
Milan, Italy
39 02 4997 1
www.promotiontradeexhibition.it
25 MIPPA TOM Show
Michigan Promotional Professionals Association
San Marino Club Troy, MI
269-806-4489
www.mippa.org
26-29 Paperworld
Exhibition Centre Frankfurt
Messe Frankfurt, Germany
49 69 7575-6056
www.paperworld.messefrankfurt.com
27-31 Toronto Gift Fair
Toronto International Centre & Toronto Congress Centre
Toronto, ON, Canada
800-611-6100
www.cangift.org
30 TOPS+ Montreal
Promotional Products Professionals of Canada
Sheraton Laval
866-450-7722
www.promocan.com
30-31 Merchandise World New Year Event
A BPMA & Sourcing City Event
NAEC Stoneleigh, Warwickshire, CV8 2LG
0844 504 5006
www.merchandiseworld.co.uk
FEBRUARY
1-2 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Phoenix, AZ
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
2-5 The Seattle Gift Show
Washington State Convention & Trade Center
Seattle, WA
800-318-2238
www.urban-expo.com
3-5 Surtex
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center
New York, NY
800-465-5514
www.surtex.com
3-6 NY Now Future Market
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center
New York, NY
914-421-3271
www.nynow.com/future-market/
3-6 National Stationery Show/The Supply Side
Jacob K. Javits Convention Center
New York, NY
800-465-5514
www.nationalstationeryshow.com
4-6 ASI Show Fort Worth
Fort Worth Convention Center
Fort Worth, TX
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com
5 PAPPA Winter Showcase
Philadelphia Area Promotional Products Association
Springfield Country Club
Springfield, PA
610-901-1048
www.mypappa.org
5-7 Magic Marketplace
Las Vegas & Mandalay Bay Convention Centers
Las Vegas, NV
877-554-4834
www.ubmfashion.com/shows/magic
5-7 The Promotional Garments and Gifts Exhibition
Lyon Eurexpo – Parc des Expositions BP
190-Chassieu Cedex
Lyon, France
www.salon-ctco.com
5-7 Pacific Design & Manufacturing
Anaheim Convention Center
Anaheim, CA
310-445-4200
www.pacdesignshow.designnews.com
6 CPPA Winter Expo
Chesapeake Promotional Products Association
Baltimore, MD
410-562-0609
www.cppa.biz
7 SAAGNY Winter Showcase
Specialty Advertising Associates of Greater New York with Northeast Representatives Association
Crown Plaza Hotel
Suffern, NY
914-848-7369
www.saagny.org
7 TOPS+ Toronto
Promotional Products Professionals of Canada
International Centre
Mississauga, ON
866-450-7722
www.promocan.com
7-9 Oasis Gift Show
Phoenix Convention Center
Phoenix, AZ
800-424-9519
www.oasis.org
11-13 ASI Roadshow
Canada Central
Toronto, Burlington, London
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
12-15 International Awards & Personalization Expo
Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino
Las Vegas, NV
847-375-4800
www.awardspersonalization.org
13 TOPS+ Vancouver
Promotional Products Professionals of Canada
Vancouver Convention Centre
866-450-7722
www.promocan.com
13-15 RemaDays Warsaw
Warsaw Expo
Nadarzyn, Poland
www.remadays.com
18-20 Asia Pacific Incentives & Meetings Expo
Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre
Melbourne, VIC, Australia
61 3 7000 0500
www.aime.com.au
21 TOPS+ Calgary
Promotional Products Professionals of Canada
Westin Calgary Airport
866-450-7722
www.promocan.com
21-23 FESPA Asia
Federation of European Screen Printing Associations
HALL 98, BITEC
Bangkok, Thailand
44 0 1737 240 788
asia.fespa.com
21-24 Transworld’s Winter Jewelry Fashion & Accessories Show
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
Rosemont, IL
800-323-5462
www.jfashow.com
22-26 CAMEX Campus Market Expo
Henry B. González Convention Center
San Antonio, TX
800-622-7498
www.camex.org
24-27 International Franchise Assn. Annual Convention
Mandalay Bay
Las Vegas, NV
202-662-0763
www.franchise.org/convention
24-27 Alberta Gift Fair
Edmonton Expo Centre
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
800-611-6100
www.cangift.org
24-28 Exhibitor Live!
Mandalay Bay Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
877-394-2114
www.exhibitoronline.com
25 UMAPP Room Show
Upper Midwest Association of Promotional Products
Minneapolis Airport Marriott
Bloomington, MN
651-734-9767
www.umapp.org
25-28 ASI Roadshow
Mid-Atlantic
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Virginia
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
26-27 CASA
Caribbean Advertising Specialties Association
Embassy Suites in San Juan
787-767-6919
Casapr.net
MARCH
5 TRASA Expo
Three Rivers Advertising Specialty Association
Printscape Arena, Southpointe
412-860-0699
www.trasa.net
5 PPAW Spring Fever Show
Promotional Products Association of Wisconsin
Crowne Plaza Milwaukee
West Wauwatosa, WI
262-751-6355
www.ppaw.org
7 PPA Chicago New Product Idea Showcase
Arlington Park Racetrack
Arlington Heights, IL
630-983-7722
www.ppachicago.org
10-12 Vancouver Gift Expo
The PNE Forum Building
Vancouver, BC Canada
604-767-0400
www.vancouvergiftexpo.com
11-12 NEPPA Season Opener Expo
New England Promotional Products Association
Gillette Stadium
Foxboro, MA
603-529-8400
www.neppa.com
11-12 CAAMP Carolinas Connection
Carolinas Association of Advertising & Marketing Professionals
Embassy Suites
Concord, NC
404-218-2689
www.caampers.org
13-15 Japan Licensing Expo
Tokyo Big Sight East Halls
Tokyo, Japan
81-3-5296-1020
www.licensingexpojapan.com/en/
13-15 Fashion Access
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre
Hong Kong
852 2827 621
www.fashionaccess.aplf.com/en-us/
17-19 ASI Roadshow
Southern California
Van Nuys, Irvine, San Diego
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
20 Haptica ‘17 Live
World Conference Center Bonn
Bonn, Germany
49 221 689 11 35
www.haptica-live.de
20-21 IPSA Spring Promotional Products Show Russia
Crocus Expo
Moscow, Russia
7 495 937 6861, ext. 127
www.ipsa.ru/en/Spring
20-22 China International Stationery & Gifts Expo
Ningbo International Conference and Exhibition Center
Ningbo, China
0574-87254013
www.exponingbo.com/wenju_eng/v2
20-23 FESPA Brazil
Federation of European Screen Printing Associations
Expo Center Norte – Blue Pavilion
São Paulo, Brazil
www.fespabrasil.com.br/en
21-23 Imprinted Sportswear Show
Atlantic City Convention Center
Atlantic City, NJ
678-781-7905
www.issshows.com
23-26 International Sign Expo
Las Vegas, NV
703-836-4012
www.signexpo.org
24-26 Quebec Marketplace Expo
Quebec City Convention Center
604-767-0400
www.quebecexpo.ca
25-27 Nightclub & Bar Convention & Trade Show
Las Vegas Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
800-247-3881
www.ncbshow.com
25-29 ASI Roadshow
Midwest Minneapolis, Des Moines, Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
26-28 The Travel Goods Show
Las Vegas Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
877-842-1938
www.travel-goods.org
27 CPPA & VAPPA
NOVA Showcase
Chesapeake Promotional Products Association
Virginia Promotional Products Association
Baltimore, MD
410-562-0609
www.cppa.biz
28-30 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Irving, TX
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
APRIL
2 PAPPA South Jersey Client Expo
Philadelphia Area Promotional Products Association
The Westin Mount Laurel
Mt. Laurel, NJ
610-901-1048
www.mypappa.org
3 PAPPA Lancaster Client Expo
Philadelphia Area Promotional Products Association
Spooky Nook Sports
Manheim, PA 17545
610-901-1048
www.mypappa.org
3 PME” Promotional Meeting Events
Holiday Inn East Ottawa
Ottawa, ON Canada
800-579-2326
http://promoexpo.ca/#PME
6-8 Deco Seminar & Conference
Society of Glass & Ceramic Decorators
Hyatt Regency
Indianapolis, IN
740-588-9882
www.sgcd.org
7-9 NAUMD Convention & Expo
North American Assn. of Uniform Manufacturers and Distributors
Hyatt Regency
New Orleans, LA
402-639-0498
www.naumd.com
8-11 ASI Roadshow
Great West
Salt Lake City, Denver, Albuquerque, Phoenix
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
9 PME” Promotional Meeting Events
Location to be determined
Vancouver, BC Canada
800-579-2326
http://promoexpo.ca/#PME
9-11 1 RPI Annual Conference
Atlanta, GA
651-290-7490
www.recognition.org
11 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Radisson Hotel & Convention Center
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
12 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Carriage House Inn
Calgary, AB, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
13-16 Hong Kong Electronics Fair
Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Center
852-1830-668
www.hktdc.com
15-19 Canton Fair (Phase 1)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
23 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Saskatoon Inn and Conference Centre
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
23-27 Canton Fair (Phase 2)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
24 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Location TBD
Regina, SK, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
25-28 Transworld’s Spring Jewelry Fashion & Accessories Show
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
Rosemont, IL
800-323-5462
www.jfashow.com
26 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Holiday Inn Winnipeg Airport
Winnipeg, MB, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
27-30 Hong Kong International Printing & Packaging Fair
Asia World Expo
Hong Kong
852 1830 668
www.hktdc.com
27-30 Hong Kong Gifts & Premium Fair
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center
852 1830 668
www.hktdc.com
MAY
1-5 Canton Fair (Phase 3)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
3-4 Women’s Empowerment Event
Hockley Valley Resort
Mono, Ontario
866-450-7722
wee.promocan.com/
6-8 Imprinted Sportswear Show
George R. Brown Convention Center
Houston, TX
678-781-7905
www.issshows.com
7-8 PromZ Event
The Tradefair for Promotional Marketing and Relationships
De Kromhouthal
The Netherlands
www.promzevent.nl
9 PME Promotional Meeting Events
Best Western Plus
Halifax, NS, Canada
800-579-2326
promoexpo.ca/#PME
14 MiPPA Ideas in Bloom Show
Michigan Promotional Professionals Association
Frederik Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park
Grand Rapids, MI
269-806-4489
www.mippa.org
14-17 FESPA Global Print Expo
Federation of European Screen Printing Associations
Messe Munchen
München, Germany
44 0 1737 240 788
www.fespaglobalprintexpo.com
15-16 Design and Manufacturing New England
Boston Convention and Exhibition Center
Boston, MA
310-445-4200
www.design-manufacturing-new-ngland.designnews.com
17-18 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Milwaukee, WI
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
22 UMAPP Fire and Ice Show
Upper Midwest Association of Promotional Products
Canterbury Park
Shakopee, MN
651-734-9767
www.umapp.org
29-June 1 Cannabis World Congress & Business Expo (CWCBExpo)
Javits Convention Center
New York, NY
201-580-2050
www.cwcbexpo.com
JUNE
3-5 Expo East
Specialty Advertising Assn. of Greater New York and PPAI
Atlantic City Convention Center
Atlantic City, NJ
888-426-7724
www.expoeast.ppai.org
3-6 ASI Roadshow
Canada West
Vancouver, Travel Day, Calgary, Edmonton
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
4-6 Las Vegas Licensing Expo
Mandalay Bay Convention Center
Las Vegas, NV
888-644-2022
www.licensingexpo.com
11-13 Atlantic Design and Manufacturing
Javits Convention Center
New York, NY
310-445-4200
www.advancedmanufacturingnewyork.com/
11-13 CES ASIA
Consumer Electronics Show
Shanghai New International Expo Centre
Shanghai, China
www.cesasia.cn
18 MiPPA Traverse City Mini Showcase
Michigan Promotional Professionals Association
Traverse City Country Club
Traverse City, MI
269-806-4489
www.mippa.org
25 SAAGNY Summer Showcase
Specialty Advertising Associates of Greater New York
Metropolitan Pavilion
New York, NY
914-848-7369
www.saagny.org
26-28 ISOT International Stationery and Office Products Fair
Tokyo Big Sight
Tokyo, Japan
81-3-3349-8519
www.isot.jp/en
JULY
9-11 The ASI Show Chicago
McCormick Place
Chicago, IL
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com
18-21 Transworld’s Summer Jewelry Fashion & Accessories Show
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
Rosemont, IL
800-323-5462
www.jfashow.com
23-26 Philadelphia Gift Show
The Greater Philadelphia Expo Center
Oaks, PA
800-318-2238
www.urban-expo.com
25-26 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Meadowlands Exposition Center
Secaucus, NJ
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
AUGUST
7-8 The SAAC Show
Specialty Advertising Assoc. of CA
San Diego Convention Center
San Diego, CA
805-484-7393
www.saac.net
15-17 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Long Beach, CA
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
19-22 ASI Roadshow
Northeast
Boston, Stamford, Long Island, North Jersey
800-546-3300
www.asishow.com/roadshow
SEPTEMBER
5-7 Imprinted Sportswear Show
Orange County Convention Center
Orlando, FL
678-781-7905
www.issshows.com
6-7 Western Imprint Canada Show
BMO Centre
Calgary, Alberta
905-856-2600
www.imprintcanada.com
10 PPAW Fall End-User Show
Promotional Products Association of Wisconsin
Timber Rattlers Stadium Appleton, WI
262-751-6355
ppaw.org
9-12 Promotional Products Professionals of Canada National Convention
The International Centre
Mississauga, Toronto, ON, Canada
866-450-7722
www.promocan.com
11 Merchandise World: Peak Season Event
A BPMA & Sourcing City Event
Location TBD
44 1252 701034
www.merchandiseworld.co.uk
12-14 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Columbus, OH
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
17 SAAGNY Fall Show
Teaneck Marriott at Glenpointe
Teaneck, NJ
914-848-7369
www.saagny.org
17-19 CAAMP Carolinas Traveling Showcase (tentative dates)
Carolinas Association of Advertising & Marketing Professionals
404-218-2689
www.caampers.org
23-24 NEPPA Fall Expo
New England Promotional Products Association
DCU Center
Worcester, MA
603-529-8400
www.neppa.com
25 MiPPA Promotions That ROAR! Show
Michigan Promotional Professionals Association
Ford Field - Home of the Detroit Lions
Detroit, MI
269-806-4489
www.mippa.org
TBA Magic Marketplace
Las Vegas, NV
(877) 554-4834
www.ubmfashion.com
TBA Imprinted Sportswear Show
Fort Worth Convention Center
678-781-7905
www.issshows.com
TBA Oasis Gift Show
Phoenix Convention Center
Phoenix, AZ
800-424-9519
www.oasis.org
OCTOBER
3-5 Print 19
McCormick Place
Chicago, IL
703-264-7200
www.graphexpo.com
10-13 Transworld’s Fall Jewelry Fashion & Accessories Show
Donald E. Stephens Convention Center
Rosemont, IL
800-323-5462
www.jfashow.com
11-12 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Denver, CO
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
15-19 Canton Fair (Phase 1)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
23-27 Canton Fair (Phase 2)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
23-25 Printing United Specialty Graphic Imaging Association (SGIA)
Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center
Dallas, TX
888-385-3588
www.sgia.org
31-Nov. 4 Canton Fair (Phase 3)
China Import and Export Complex
Guangzhou, China
www.cantonfair.net
NOVEMBER
8-9 The NBM Show
Sign & Digital Graphics, Awards & Engraving and Printwear
Charlotte, NC
800-560-9941
www.thenbmshow.com
DECEMBER
5-8 Transworld’s Holiday Jewelry Fashion & Accessories Show
Renaissance Schaumburg Hotel & Convention Center
Schaumburg, IL
800-323-5462
www.jfashow.com
International Promo Product Associations
APPA
Australasian Promotional Products Association
President: Pete Schroeder
800-692-7772
shimoli@appa.com.au
www.appa.com.au
VOW
The Association of Austrian Promotional Product Distributors
President: Klaus Pohn
43 664 169 40 97
office@werbemittelhaendler.at
www.werbemittelhaendler.at
BAPP
Belgian Association of Promotional Products ASBL
President: Michel Deboudt
02 731 92 33
info@bapp.be
www.bapp.be
PPPC
Promotional Product Professionals of Canada Inc.
President and CEO: Jonathan N. Strauss
866-450-7722
info@pppc.ca
www.promocan.com
BFR
Denmark’s Association of Promotional Items
Rony Benattia, Chairman of the Board
45 3177 5432
dpa@dpa-dk.dk
www.bfr.dk
2FPCO
French Federation of Professionals for the Communication of Promotional Products
President: Raphael Hertault
01 47 6584 98
contact@2fpco.com
www.2fpco.com
GWW
General Association of Promotional Products Industry Düsseldorf
Chairman: Frank Dangmann
0 2234-3 79 06-0
info@gww.de
www.gww.de
PSI
Prasent Service Institut
Director: Michael Freter
49 211 90191-100
info@psi-messe.com
www.psi-network.de
PPP
Platform Promotional Products Netherlands
Chairman: Joop van Veelen
088-5700300
info@ppp-online.nl
www.ppp-online.nl
ASSOPROM
Association of Italian Manufacturers and Distributors of Advertising and Promotional Products
President: Paolo Cattaneo
39 340 2855665
segreteria@assoprom.it www.assoprom.it
AMAPRO
Asociacion Mexicana De Profesionales De La Promocion, A.C.
President: Claudio Méjan
5663 1306
gguerrero@amapro.com.mx
www.amapro.com.mx
EPPA
European Promotional Products Association
Chairman: Kjell Harbom
34 93 454 63 06
info@eppa-org.eu
NBR
Norwegian Industry Association for Advertising Products
Chairman: Bastiani Thrine
47 99 45 07 11
thrine@nbr.no
www.nbr.no
PIAP
Polish Chamber of Promotional Goods
President: Edyta Lisowska
48 791 354 426
biuro@piap-org.pl
www.piap-org.pl
IAPP
Institute of Professionals In Specialty Advertising
President: Leo Kostylev
812-318-18-92
info@iapp-spb.org
www.iapp.ru
FYVAR
Association of Manufacturers and Sellers of Promotional Items
President: D. Gabriel Moese
34 93 454 63 06
fyvar@fyvar.es
www.fyvar.com
AIMFAP
The National Association of Importers, Wholesalers, Manufacturers of Promotional Items
President: Emilio Estellés-Zanón Rodríguez
34 91 010 54 43
office@aimfap.com
www.aimfap.com
CASA
Caribbean Advertising Specialties Association
President: Silvia González M., CAS, BASI
0 787-767-6919
tu.casa.puertorico@gmail.com
www.casapr.net
SBPR
Swedish Industry Association for Profile and Promotional Items
President: Kjell Harbom
0702-18 22 70
mail@sbpr.se
www.sbpr.se
PROMOSWISS
Federation of the Swiss Promotional Products Industry
President: Roger Riwar
41 79 710 22 69
info@promoswiss.ch
www.promoswiss.ch
BPMA
British Promotional Merchandise Association
Chairman: Graeme Smith
0203 875 7942
enquiries@bpma.co.uk
www.bpma.co.uk
PROMOTA
Promotional Merchandise Trade Association
Chairman: Trudi Duncombe
44 0 845 371 43 35
info@promota.co.uk
www.promota.co.uk
PPAI
Promotional Products Association International
President: Paul Bellantone
888-426-7724
paulb@ppai.org
www.ppai.org
Sourcing City
CEO: David Long
United Kingdom
01252 701034
info@sourcingcity.co.uk
www.sourcingcity.co.uk